ABOUT THE BOOK: Biology 2e is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester biology course for science majors. We recommend using a A suggested and testable explanation then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Figure 2.1 Atoms are the building blocks of molecules in the universe—air, soil, water, rocks . Biology 2e is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester biology course for science majors. Campbell Biology, chapter two: the chemical context of life Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Ch. molecule that donates hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, attraction between water molecules and other molecules, hydrocarbon consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms, negative ion that is formed by an atom gaining one or more electrons, hydrocarbon consisting of closed rings of carbon atoms, the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element, calculated mean of the mass number for an element's isotopes, statement of a chemical reaction with the number of each type of atom equalized for both the products and reactants, molecule that donates hydroxide ions or otherwise binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the hydrogen ions' concentration in a solution, substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions, amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius, occurs because water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner surfaces of narrow tubular structures such as glass tubes, drawing the water molecules to the tubes' sides, positive ion that is formed by an atom losing one or more electrons, interaction between two or more of the same or different atoms that results in forming molecules, process leading to rearranging atoms in molecules, the ability to combine and to chemically bond with each other, intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension, substance composed of molecules consisting of atoms of at least two different elements, type of strong bond formed between two atoms of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between atoms, release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and the charged remains of the original, such as when water dissociates into H+ and OH-, ion necessary for nerve impulse conduction, muscle contractions, and water balance, negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a negative charge of -1 unit, arrangement of electrons in an atom's electron shell (for example, 1s22s22p6), how electrons are spatially distributed surrounding the nucleus; the area where we are most likely to find an electron, movement of electrons from one element to another; important in creating ionic bonds, ability of some elements to attract electrons (often of hydrogen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms, one of 118 unique substances that cannot break down into smaller substances; each element has unique properties and a specified number of protons, molecules that share overall structure and bonding patterns, but differ in how the atoms are three dimensionally placed such that they are mirror images of each other, steady state of relative reactant and product concentration in reversible chemical reactions in a closed system, change from liquid to gaseous state at a body of water's surface, plant leaves, or an organism's skin, group of atoms that provides or imparts a specific function to a carbon skeleton, isomer with similar bonding patterns differing in the placement of atoms alongside a double covalent bond, high amount of energy required for liquid water to turn into water vapor, molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen, weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules, describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water, describes uncharged nonpolar molecules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as water, noble gas,) element with filled outer electron shell that is unreactive with other atoms, atom or chemical group that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions), chemical reaction where reactants proceed unidirectionally to form products, molecules that differ from one another even though they share the same chemical formula, one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons, chemical law stating that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reacting substances, pH paper), filter paper treated with a natural water-soluble dye that changes its color as the pH of the environment changes in order to use it as a pH indicator, total number of protons and neutrons in an atom, anything that has mass and occupies space, two or more atoms chemically bonded together, uncharged particle that resides in an atom's nucleus; has a mass of one amu, type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between them, core of an atom; contains protons and neutrons, rule that atoms are most stable when they hold eight electrons in their outermost shells, region surrounding the nucleus; contains electrons, any molecule containing carbon (except carbon dioxide), organizational chart of elements indicating each element's atomic number and atomic mass; provides key information about the elements' properties, scale ranging from zero to 14 that is inversely proportional to the hydrogen ions' concentration in a solution, type of covalent bond that forms as a result of unequal electron sharing, resulting in creating slightly positive and negative charged molecule regions, molecule that is result of chemical reaction, positively charged particle that resides in the atom's nucleus; has a mass of one amu and a charge of +1, isotope that emits radiation comprised of subatomic particles to form more stable elements, molecule that takes part in a chemical reaction, chemical reaction that functions bidirectionally, where products may turn into reactants if their concentration is great enough, substance capable of dissolving another substance, the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius, when a polar water molecule surrounds charged or polar molecules thus keeping them dissolved and in solution, molecules that share a chemical formula but differ in the placement of their chemical bonds, hydrocarbon chain or ring containing an atom of another element in place of one of the backbone carbons, tension at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating; created by the attractive cohesive forces between the liquid's molecules, very weak interaction between molecules due to temporary charges attracting atoms that are very close together. The silver rods indicate chemical bonds. Question Number Answer Level 1 Head Reference for Answer Difficulty 1 C. What is an Information System? and also the cells of all living organisms. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Some of the salient features are that the two strands that make up the double helix have complementary base sequences and anti-parallel orientations. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Kingdom Monera - bacteria (1) p. 37-41, Bacteria The organisms that make up kingdom Monera are all prokaryotic. 4 . Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. (credit: modification of work by Christian Guthier), https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/2-introduction, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Chapter 6 12. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. © 1999-2021, Rice University. Chapter 4 8. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Start studying Openstax Biology Chapter 2. *Response times vary by subject and question complexity. Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. citation tool such as, Authors: Mary Ann Clark, Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi. 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The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Start studying OpenStax Biology 2e Chapter 1 The Study of Life. In this model of an organic molecule, the atoms of carbon (black), hydrogen (white), nitrogen (blue), oxygen (red), and sulfur (yellow) are in proportional atomic size. . Chapter 1 PowerPoint Campbell Biology in Focus Chapter 2 Power Point Campbell Biology in Focus Ch. The properties of water and the formation of hydrogen bonds are key to understanding living processes. 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Quizlet AP bio Reading guides Biology in Focus 2nd edition ch 5.1-5.5 membrane structure reading guide BIF Copy of Chapter 5 Active Reading Guide.pdf 126.5 KB (Last Modified on August 29, 2018) File Library - Copley Before beginning your study of each chapter, be sure you have a clear Recognizing the properties of acids and bases is important, for example, to our understanding of the digestive process. and also the cells of all living organisms. 1.2 Themes and Concepts of Biology Viewed from space, Earth offers no clues about the diversity of life forms that reside there. not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Scientists believe that the first forms of life on Earth were microorganisms that existed for billions of years in the ocean before plants and animals appeared. You could not by yourself going afterward book stock or library or borrowing from your associates to admission them. 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Atoms that var . are licensed under a, Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks, Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities, Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes, Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy, Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle, Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolic Pathways, The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis, Using Light Energy to Make Organic Molecules, Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors, Mendelâs Experiments and the Laws of Probability, Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation, Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation, Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification, Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections, Other Acellular Entities: Prions and Viroids, Structure of Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea, The Evolutionary History of the Animal Kingdom, Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Flatworms, Rotifers, and Nemerteans, Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Molluscs and Annelids, Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Nematodes and Tardigrades, Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System, Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids, Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions, Human Reproductive Anatomy and Gametogenesis, Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development, Climate and the Effects of Global Climate Change, Environmental Limits to Population Growth, Behavioral Biology: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior, The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Life, Atoms are the building blocks of molecules in the universeâair, soil, water, rocks . 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